Third Grade (8/9s)

Program Overview:

The social studies core curriculum in third grade (8/9s) builds on students’ natural curiosity about the world. In this elementary year, children learn the language and symbols of maps and how to locate continents and oceans on a world map. They create their own maps using a variety of materials. Through nonfiction readings, research, writing and reflecting, field trips, and hands-on activities such as re-creating artifacts, children expand their understanding of the history, cultures, and human relationships that maps represent visually.

Expanding on the work from the previous year, students examine why and where explorers traveled as well as modes of travel over land and sea. They begin with a revisit of the Lenape study from the previous year and progress to learning about New Amsterdam. Students consider the impact of settlers on the Indigenous people and discuss cultural conflicts.

Building on their knowledge of the Indigenous people of Manhattan, students expand their understanding of the exploration and history of New Amsterdam, including the Dutch beginnings of New York and comparisons between historical events and our lives today.

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Literacy:

Reading focuses on developing a strong sense of self as a reader. Students expand their reading comprehension skills: retelling, summarizing, making connections, making predictions, visualizing, and making inferences. They learn to read nonfiction texts for information and learn how to share this information with others.

Writing this year combines a study of both the craft and mechanics of good writing. Students learn spelling patterns and rules, grammar, and sentence structure. They learn about rules of capitalization and punctuation. They learn the difference between a fragment and a sentence and apply this understanding to their own writing. Writing work this year includes personal narrative, letter writing, descriptive writing, some free writing, and writing to support the work students are doing in social studies, math, and science.

Library:

Building on the library skills acquired in the previous year, students enhance their literacy skills and understanding of stories and information. They delve deeply into one particular book and learn to become increasingly independent library users—using alphabetical order to organize books and finding books within sections of the library. Students also have an opportunity to hone their critical reading skills by evaluating picture books for the Irma S. and James H. Black Book Award, which is presented by Bank Street’s Center for Children’s Literature. For this annual award, children in the 8/9s and 9/10s select four finalists after evaluating 16 current picture books, guided by the librarian and their classroom teachers. The 6/7s and the 7/8s read the four finalists and vote, along with students from hundreds of schools around the world, on the winning book.

Spanish:

The Spanish program is designed to help children acquire language-learning strategies and build a meaningful and usable vocabulary. Learning a language is a social experience, and Spanish class is full of interpersonal and experiential activities. The program emphasizes listening and speaking in the classroom through stories, games, songs, chants, art projects, conversations, videos, Total Physical Response (TPR) activities (learning vocabulary through gestures and actions), and written work. At the end of each class, children are encouraged to practice speaking in Spanish at home to reinforce and support the retention of their language skills.

Math:

Students continue to grow as flexible and confident mathematical thinkers. Our curriculum encourages students to learn from mistakes and persevere through challenges as they develop a deeper understanding of mathematical concepts and problem-solving skills. Through hands-on activities, independent and partner work, and whole-class discussions, students build their mathematical skills and strategies. As the year progresses, children continually improve their ability to communicate their steps and processes, both verbally and on paper. Areas of focus include:

• Developing an understanding of multiplication and division
• Building fluency with multiplication and division facts within 100
• Rounding, adding, and subtracting within 1,000
• Modeling and solving two-step problem situations using the four operations
• Developing an understanding of fractions as numbers
• Developing an understanding of area and perimeter
• Describing and analyzing two-dimensional shapes with an emphasis on quadrilaterals

Science:

Students expand on the Fish and Water studies from last year by exploring the New York Harbor ecosystems in which oysters are a keystone species. They make crucial historical links between this quintessential New York food source and the Lenape in order to better understand how this once vibrant species of invertebrate was affected by the arrival of the Dutch and other colonists. Through hands-on experiences in the field and in the classroom, students investigate the anatomy of an oyster and how they create a habitat for other marine life. 

In the spring, the Human Body, Growth, and Development study expands on the anatomy and life cycle work of the Fish and Oyster studies. Through a variety of investigations and activities, students draw intentional parallels from these past studies to the form and function of the human body. Initially, students observe and investigate the human skeletal and muscle systems. They learn how the human body moves in many ways and how it is aided and limited by bone and joint structures. 

Subsequently, students engage in conversations about the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems with an emphasis on how bodies change over time. Then students discuss bodily changes in growth and development in the human body that parallel other organisms before honing in on the reproductive system and processes.

Art, Shop & Drama:

The integration of art into social studies, language, arts, math, and science helps children make personal connections to their work and continues to deepen their learning. The 8/9s curriculum includes:

• In art, students are moving into the “Richer Symbols” stage of artistic development. Their representations show increased attention to shape, color, composition, pose, and descriptive detail. Children want to express their growing, and increasingly specific, understandings of the world. Narrative is a driving force in painting. Animals are a favorite theme in the 8/9s, allowing students to consider elements of color, shape, pose, and proportion in a subject that they naturally connect to. Projects include paintings, sculptures in clay, functional clay objects, printmaking, and, finally, papier-maché sculptures of animals that are native to Manhattan.
• The shop curriculum is designed to further enhance students’ development and understanding of tools and materials. The semester begins with the creation of xylophones; this develops students’ awareness that wood has musical properties and teaches how it can be tuned to create an endless variety of pitches. Students discuss the history and physics of this instrument—and the instruments students create are used in music class. During the second cycle, students create a circus act. This imaginative narrative involves working on the setting as well as the action. They learn about the sculptor Alexander Calder and his circus.
• Students meet for drama once a week in half groups. The school year starts with scripted plays based on books, which the students adapt in small groups, using improvisational games and scene work. In the second half of the school year, the class collaborates with other teachers on a project related to the work students are doing in other areas of the curriculum.

Music:

All students in this grade participate in weekly chorus rehearsals and perform in the winter and spring concerts by grade level. Students learn songs ranging from classical to jazz and perform in the winter and spring concerts, providing opportunities for students interested in learning more advanced pieces and performing solos. The curriculum includes:

• Singing is the core of the music curriculum. Song selection ranges from folk songs to jazz tunes, seasonal songs to songs of the Civil Rights Movement.
• Music Literacy and Instrument Playing are integrated in this grade. Students continue their study of the recorder and develop proper breathing and fingering technique. They learn to read treble notations and expand their knowledge of note values, rhythmic patterns, expressive markings, dynamic, and tempo. Each student moves at their own pace, and there are written exercises to be completed at home. Barred instruments, such as xylophones, metallophones, and glockenspiel, as well as percussive instruments, continue to be used for ensemble playing. Toward the end of the year, students read and play written arrangements for Orff ensemble in different styles and genres.
• Movement/Folk Dance allows students to perceive the connection between patterns in music and physical movement, while learning the art of collaboration, self-regulation, and most importantly, listening. Students continue to expand their folk dance repertoire, including more sophisticated dance patterns.
• Music Appreciation includes the study of Western operas and different voice types by range and timbre. Students have attended final dress rehearsals at the Metropolitan Opera. Guided listening during the lessons to prepare for concerts explore elements such as synopsis, characters, sections of opera, the language and culture of the opera, and the various stages of opera productions and jobs involved in the process.

Physical Education:

For 45 minutes, twice times a week, third grade (8/9s) classes participate in physical education. Children are encouraged to develop strength and endurance through fitness activities to build a foundation for a lifetime appreciation of fitness. The emphasis of physical education classes at this time is to develop social skills and appropriate team play. Students are introduced to skills and equipment and participate in a variety of team sports, including lead-up games in team handball, soccer, basketball, floor hockey, and softball. This grade level plays competitive games, as well as recreational tag games, for a balanced approach to group play.